Sources and method
Every figure on this site, where it comes from and when it was checked. None is our own estimate. Where no published figure exists, the box is left empty for you to fill.
How to read the figures
This site states as fact only what an authority sets or records, or what we worked out ourselves from a named source: fees, fares, timetables, travel advice, climate, dates, and the distance of each hotel from the mosque. Each names its source and the day it was checked, and anything checked more than 90 days ago is shown in this colour. Flight fares and room prices change daily, so they appear only as rounded guide ranges from companies, marked "not an official source".
Flights
Fares change every day, so this site does not quote them. For each route it gives one rough range: what a round trip has cost over the past 12 months, as Kayak reports it, rounded outwards. The trip builder uses that range until you enter the fare you find.
| From | To Jeddah, past 12 months | To Madinah, past 12 months |
|---|---|---|
| Toronto | roughly C$1,400 to C$2,000per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. Typical is Kayak's 12-month average.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. | roughly C$1,400 to C$2,000per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. Typical is Kayak's 12-month average.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. |
| New York | roughly US$810 to US$1,200per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. Typical is Kayak's 12-month average.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. | roughly US$840 to US$1,200per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. Typical is Kayak's 12-month average.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. |
| London | roughly £340 to £660per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. Typical is Kayak's 12-month average.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. | roughly £440 to £660per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. This page gives no average, so typical is the midpoint of that range.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. |
| Manchester | roughly £550 to £830per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. This page gives no average, so typical is the midpoint of that range.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. | roughly £460 to £670per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. Typical is Kayak's 12-month average.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. |
| Birmingham | roughly £460 to £670per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. Typical is Kayak's 12-month average.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. | roughly £540 to £810per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. This page gives no average, so typical is the midpoint of that range.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. |
| Chicago | roughly US$810 to US$1,200per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. Typical is Kayak's 12-month average.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. | roughly US$780 to US$1,300per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. Typical is Kayak's 12-month average.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. |
| Montreal | roughly C$1,400 to C$2,000per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. Typical is Kayak's 12-month average.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. | roughly C$1,500 to C$2,000per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. Typical is Kayak's 12-month average.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. |
| Houston | roughly US$1,000 to US$1,300per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. Typical is Kayak's 12-month average.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. | roughly US$1,000 to US$1,500per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. Typical is Kayak's 12-month average.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. |
| Glasgow | roughly £370 to £630per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. Typical is Kayak's 12-month average.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. | Check today |
| Dallas | roughly US$900 to US$1,400per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. Typical is Kayak's 12-month average.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. | roughly US$1,000 to US$1,600per person, round tripKayak, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of Kayak's typical range. Typical is Kayak's 12-month average.Fares found by Kayak users, all airlines, with and without stops. |
Hotels
Distances are worked out; prices are a guide. Room prices here follow the Hijri calendar, so they are given as rough ranges for four seasons: most of the year, Ramadan, its last ten nights, and the weeks around Hajj. Each range is the middle half of the prices Google Hotels showed for two-night stays on the dates sampled in that season, rounded outwards. It shows the level of prices. It is not a quote: check today's price for your own dates.
Nightly price for one room for two adults, as displayed by Google Hotels for a two-night stay. Google does not say on the results list whether taxes and fees are included, so treat these as before-tax prices.
Distance is the straight line from the Kaaba to the hotel's position on Google Hotels' map. It is not a walking route and no walking time is given: around the mosques that depends on the gate, the crowd and the hour. Hotels in one building share one figure. Hotels are taken in order from the mosque outwards, and one whose map position is within 75 metres of the first hotel in a building is put in that building. Every hotel in a building gets the average of their distances, rounded to the nearest 100 metres. A hotel on its own is rounded the same way. The hotels of Abraj Al Bait (the Clock Towers) stand on one podium and are treated as one building, though their map positions are further apart than that. In Madinah the line is drawn from the centre of the Prophet's Mosque. Google Hotels map positions, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)
Makkah: rough nightly range by distance from the Kaaba
| In a straight line | Most of the year | Ramadan | Last ten nights of Ramadan | Weeks around Hajj |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under 0.5 km | SAR 750 to 1,250 | few on sale | few on sale | few on sale |
| 0.5 to 1 km | SAR 450 to 1,000 | SAR 1,000 to 2,000 | SAR 3,000 to 4,500 | few on sale |
| 1 to 2 km | SAR 140 to 350 | SAR 300 to 700 | few on sale | few on sale |
| 2 to 4 km | SAR 80 to 220 | SAR 220 to 450 | SAR 450 to 900 | few on sale |
| Over 4 km | SAR 90 to 350 | SAR 190 to 550 | SAR 400 to 950 | SAR 200 to 800 |
Guide prices: Google Hotels, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)
Madinah: rough nightly range by distance from the centre of the Prophet's Mosque
| In a straight line | Most of the year | Ramadan | Last ten nights of Ramadan | Weeks around Hajj |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under 0.5 km | SAR 600 to 1,150 | SAR 650 to 1,800 | few on sale | few on sale |
| 0.5 to 1 km | SAR 450 to 850 | SAR 500 to 850 | SAR 650 to 1,150 | SAR 550 to 1,050 |
| 1 to 2 km | SAR 140 to 350 | SAR 230 to 350 | SAR 220 to 400 | SAR 110 to 290 |
| 2 to 4 km | SAR 190 to 350 | SAR 250 to 350 | SAR 250 to 400 | SAR 240 to 350 |
| Over 4 km | SAR 190 to 350 | SAR 200 to 350 | SAR 240 to 400 | SAR 170 to 400 |
Guide prices: Google Hotels, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)
Getting around
| Trip | By | Fare | Journey time |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jeddah airport and Makkah | Train | SAR 65 typical, SAR 65 to SAR 101.40per person, one wayHaramain High Speed Railway, fares, checked 10 November 2026Low and typical are the Economy base fare. High is the Business base fare.Base fares before VAT and fees. The railway says the actual price may vary with the date and how full the train is. Children get 50% off Economy. | 54 minHaramain High Speed Railway, timetable, checked 10 November 2026Of the 17 trains listed for 24/11/2026: 17 take 54 min. |
| Jeddah airport and Makkah | Bus | No figureNo sourced figure yet. No bus operator publishes a fare from Jeddah airport to Makkah. NorthWest Bus lists a Jeddah to Makkah route, but it boards at Jeddah train station, not the airport. | Not published |
| Jeddah airport and Makkah | Private car | standard sedanSAR 175 typical, SAR 150 to SAR 200per vehicle, one wayHalalBooking, Umrah transport guide, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of the quoted range. Typical is the midpoint.A travel company's estimate, not an official tariff. No official taxi tariff for this route could be found. larger vehicleSAR 325 typical, SAR 250 to SAR 400per vehicle, one wayHalalBooking, Umrah transport guide, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of the quoted range. Typical is the midpoint.A travel company's estimate, not an official tariff. The source does not give seat counts for this route; the planner uses 4 and 7, the sizes the same source names for Madinah. | Not published |
| Makkah and Madinah | Train | SAR 162 typical, SAR 162 to SAR 455per person, one wayHaramain High Speed Railway, fares, checked 10 November 2026Low and typical are the Economy base fare. High is the Business base fare.Base fares before VAT and fees. The railway says the actual price may vary with the date and how full the train is. Children get 50% off Economy. | 2 h 15 min to 2 h 25 minHaramain High Speed Railway, timetable, checked 10 November 2026Of the 31 trains listed for 24/11/2026: 6 take 2 h 15 min, 17 take 2 h 20 min, 8 take 2 h 25 min. |
| Makkah and Madinah | Bus | No figureNo sourced figure yet. Darb Alwatan runs this route daily and publishes the timetable, but not the fare. The fare only appears inside its booking system. | 6 h 20 min to 6 h 55 minDarb Alwatan, routes and timetable, checked 10 November 20266 h 20 min from Makkah to Madinah; the same operator lists 6 h 55 min from Madinah to Makkah. |
| Makkah and Madinah | Private car | 4-seaterSAR 425 typical, SAR 350 to SAR 500per vehicle, one wayHalalBooking, Madinah transport guide, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of the quoted range. Typical is the midpoint.A travel company's estimate, not an official tariff. The same page gives a train time that disagrees with the railway's own timetable, so treat its figures as rough. 7-seaterSAR 600 typical, SAR 500 to SAR 700per vehicle, one wayHalalBooking, Madinah transport guide, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)Low and high are the two ends of the quoted range. Typical is the midpoint.A travel company's estimate, not an official tariff. | 4 h to 5 hHalalBooking, Madinah transport guide, checked 10 November 2026 (not an official source)The quoted 4 to 5 hours; typical is the midpoint. |
| Jeddah airport and Madinah | Train | SAR 130 typical, SAR 130 to SAR 365per person, one wayHaramain High Speed Railway, fares, checked 10 November 2026Low and typical are the Economy base fare. High is the Business base fare.Base fares before VAT and fees. The railway says the actual price may vary with the date and how full the train is. Children get 50% off Economy. | 1 h 48 min to 1 h 54 minHaramain High Speed Railway, timetable, checked 10 November 2026Of the 9 trains listed for 24/11/2026: 1 take 1 h 48 min, 8 take 1 h 54 min. |
| Jeddah airport and Madinah | Bus | No figureNo sourced figure yet. No bus operator publishes a fare between Madinah and Jeddah airport. NorthWest Bus lists Jeddah to Madinah from the city, with two different prices on the same page (SAR 96 and SAR 68). | Not published |
| Jeddah airport and Madinah | Private car | private carNo figureNo sourced figure yet. No published fare was found for a private car between Madinah and Jeddah airport. | Not published |
| Madinah airport and Madinah | Taxi | 5-passenger taxiSAR 75per vehicle, one wayPrince Mohammad bin Abdulaziz International Airport, taxi fares, checked 10 November 2026The airport's published list of regular taxi fares to the central Haram area. 7-passenger taxiSAR 90per vehicle, one wayPrince Mohammad bin Abdulaziz International Airport, taxi fares, checked 10 November 2026The airport's published list of regular taxi fares to the central Haram area. | Not published |
Entering Saudi Arabia
These are government regulations. They are kept apart from religious rulings throughout the site.
| Electronic travel authorisationTravellers from: UK | SAR 50per personVisit Saudi, visa regulations, checked 10 November 2026An application fee, not refundable. No insurance is included, so budget for your own. The electronic travel authorisation covers tourism, business, study, medical treatment and Umrah. It cannot be used for Hajj.Visit Saudi, visa regulations, checked 10 November 2026 The UK says an ETA is valid for 730 days and for multiple entries, up to 180 days in total, and does not include health insurance.GOV.UK, entry requirements for Saudi Arabia, checked 10 November 2026 |
|---|---|
| Tourist visa | SAR 395per personVisit Saudi, visa regulations, checked 10 November 2026Includes the application fee and medical insurance. The fee is not refundable. You can use the tourist visa to perform Umrah, but not during the Hajj season.Visit Saudi, visa questions, checked 10 November 2026 A multiple-entry visa is valid for one year and allows up to 90 consecutive days per stay.Visit Saudi, visa regulations, checked 10 November 2026 |
| Umrah visa | SAR 300per personMinistry of Hajj and Umrah, questions and answers, checked 10 November 2026The Ministry calls this an estimate. It is the visa fee only: the package it must come with is priced separately and no price is published. An Umrah visa cannot be issued without a service package covering accommodation and transport.Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, questions and answers, checked 10 November 2026 For the 1448 AH season, Umrah visas stop being issued on 9 March 2027 and the last day to enter on one is 23 March 2027.Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, Umrah season calendar for 1448 AH, checked 10 November 2026 |
| Stopover visa | SAR 52.50per personVisit Saudi, visa regulations, checked 10 November 2026The application fee (about SAR 39.50) plus the lowest insurance price (about SAR 13).Both amounts are described as rough by the source, and insurance is a starting price. The stopover visa allows a stay of up to 96 hours and can be used to perform Umrah.Visit Saudi, visa regulations, checked 10 November 2026 |
Before you leave
- Passport valid for at least 6 months from the day you enter (travellers from CA)Government of Canada, travel advice for Saudi Arabia, checked 10 November 2026
- Passport with an expiry date at least 6 months after the day you arrive (travellers from UK)GOV.UK, entry requirements for Saudi Arabia, checked 10 November 2026
- A valid passport (travellers from US)Saudi Arabia's tourism site sets a six-month validity rule and says it does not apply to citizens of the United States.Visit Saudi, visa regulations, checked 10 November 2026
- Visa for each travellerSaudi Arabia's tourism site says any type of visa allows a traveller to perform Umrah. Hajj needs its own visa.Visit Saudi, visa regulations, checked 10 November 2026
- Canada's note on visas (travellers from CA)Canada says a tourist visa can be obtained online before the trip or on arrival, and that Muslim tourists can perform Umrah with any type of visa.Government of Canada, travel advice for Saudi Arabia, checked 10 November 2026
- The UK's note on visas (travellers from UK)The UK says British citizens can apply online for an electronic travel authorisation (ETA) for Umrah outside the Hajj season, and that an ETA does not include health insurance.GOV.UK, entry requirements for Saudi Arabia, checked 10 November 2026
- Know what is not protected when you book it yourself (travellers from UK)ATOL protects package trips that include a flight. The Civil Aviation Authority says it is not travel insurance, and that accommodation-only bookings are not ATOL protected. A flight and a hotel booked separately are not a package, so arrange your own travel insurance.UK Civil Aviation Authority, what ATOL protection means, checked 10 November 2026UK Civil Aviation Authority, what ATOL does not cover, checked 10 November 2026
- Know what is not protected when you book it yourself (travellers from CA)Provincial travel funds cover trips bought through a licensed agent, not ones booked directly. Ontario says a trip booked directly with an airline or hotel is not protected under its Travel Industry Act; Quebec's and British Columbia's funds say the same of theirs. Arrange your own travel insurance.Government of Ontario, booking a trip: your rights, checked 10 November 2026Office de la protection du consommateur, Quebec, travel compensation fund, checked 10 November 2026Consumer Protection BC, travel services, checked 10 November 2026
- Meningococcal (ACYW) vaccine, at least 10 days before you arriveSaudi Arabia's health ministry requires it of everyone performing Umrah, from every country: a conjugate vaccine within the last 5 years, or a polysaccharide vaccine within the last 3. Keep the certificate with the vaccine's name and date. The published document is the 1447 AH (2026) edition; no later edition was posted when this was checked.Saudi Ministry of Health, health requirements for Umrah 1447H (2026), checked 10 November 2026GOV.UK, pilgrimage advice for Saudi Arabia, checked 10 November 2026
- Medicines in their original packaging, enough for the whole tripSaudi Arabia's health ministry asks pilgrims to carry sufficient quantities of their medications in original packaging. Medicines that contain narcotic or psychotropic substances need a personal clearance permit from the Saudi Food and Drug Authority, for no more than a 30-day supply or the length of your stay, whichever is shorter.Saudi Ministry of Health, health requirements for Umrah 1447H (2026), checked 10 November 2026Saudi Food and Drug Authority, permits for pilgrims' medicines, checked 10 November 2026
- Nusuk app installed and registeredThe Ministry says visitors can register from outside the Kingdom once they hold a valid visa, so do this after the visa arrives.Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, questions and answers, checked 10 November 2026
- Umrah permit booked in Nusuk (free)Entry to the Haram to perform Umrah is tied to the time on your permit. Entering to pray needs no permit.Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, Umrah permit application, checked 10 November 2026Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, questions and answers, checked 10 November 2026
- Rawdah permit booked in Nusuk if you are going to Madinah (free)Praying in the Prophet's Mosque needs no booking. Praying in the Rawdah does.Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, Rawdah permit, checked 10 November 2026Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, questions and answers, checked 10 November 2026
- Train tickets bought online ahead of timeThe railway says tickets bought at station ticket offices and vending machines cannot be changed or refunded. Each passenger may bring one large piece of luggage of up to 25 kg and 65 x 55 x 35 cm, plus one hand item. Changing an Economy ticket costs 10% of the fare until 24 hours before departure and 20% after that; cancelling costs 20%, then 50%. Nothing can be changed in the last 20 minutes.Haramain High Speed Railway, fares, checked 10 November 2026Haramain High Speed Railway, baggage, checked 10 November 2026Haramain High Speed Railway, tickets, checked 10 November 2026
- Declare cash or jewellery worth SAR 40,000 or moreSaudi customs also asks travellers to declare gifts or personal purchases worth SAR 3,000 or more, and goods in commercial quantities.Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority, what to declare, checked 10 November 2026
- Zamzam water to take home: one 5-litre bottle each, bought at the airportMadinah airport sells one 5-litre bottle per passenger for SAR 12.50, on showing a passport. It says the bottle must be carried separately and may not be placed inside checked baggage.Madinah airport, Zamzam sales service, checked 10 November 2026
Government travel advice
- Government of Canada: Avoid non-essential travelCanada advises avoiding non-essential travel to Saudi Arabia because of the volatile security situation in the region. Updated 29 October 2026.Government of Canada, travel advice for Saudi Arabia, checked 10 November 2026
- US Department of State: Level 3: Reconsider travelThe United States advises reconsidering travel to Saudi Arabia, citing the risk of drone and missile attacks, armed conflict and terrorism. It has ordered non-emergency government staff and their families to leave. Updated 22 October 2026.US Department of State, Saudi Arabia travel advisory, checked 10 November 2026
- UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office: Advises against all but essential travelThe UK advises against all but essential travel to Saudi Arabia, and against all travel within 10 km of the border with Yemen. It says airports have been targeted and that travel insurance could be invalidated if you go against its advice. Updated 27 October 2026.GOV.UK, foreign travel advice for Saudi Arabia, checked 10 November 2026
Weather
Monthly averages for 1991 to 2020: the climate normals Saudi Arabia filed with the World Meteorological Organization for its Makkah and Madinah weather stations, archived by NOAA. We use these station records rather than the WMO's city pages, whose Madinah figures matched Jeddah's exactly when we checked on 10 November 2026. The full tables are on the Makkah and Madinah weather pages.
- WMO Climate Normals 1991 to 2020, Makkah station 41030 (filed by Saudi Arabia, archived by NOAA), checked 10 November 2026
- WMO Climate Normals 1991 to 2020, Madinah station 40430 (filed by Saudi Arabia, archived by NOAA), checked 10 November 2026
Open data
The figures behind this site can be read as plain files, each figure with its source link and date: the list of data files. A plain-text map of the site is at llms.txt.
Exchange rates
- 1.4123 Canadian dollars for one US dollarBank of Canada, daily exchange rates, checked 10 November 2026Read from the Bank of Canada data service (valet/observations/FXUSDCAD). The bank stopped publishing a direct riyal rate after 30 April 2026, so riyal prices are converted through the US dollar.
- 3.75 Saudi riyals for one US dollarSaudi Central Bank (SAMA), checked 10 November 2026The riyal is fixed to the US dollar. The statement is dated 4 May 2020 and is still the one published on SAMA's site.
- 1.336 US dollars for one pound sterlingBank of England, daily spot exchange rates, checked 10 November 2026Read from the Bank of England's statistical database, series XUDLUSS. Riyal prices reach pounds through the US dollar, because the riyal is fixed to it.
Religious sources
Religious content on this site is written only from these pages, each of which we read in full. Arabic text is copied from its source and compared with it character for character. Nothing here is a fatwa.
- Presidency of Religious Affairs at the Two Holy Mosques, Sifat al-Umrah (1446 AH), page 12, checked 10 November 2026
- Islam Question & Answer, no. 154979, How to perform Umrah, checked 10 November 2026
- Shaykh Ibn Baz, Sifat al-Umrah (fatwa 11982), checked 10 November 2026
- Sahih al-Bukhari, no. 1782, on Turath, checked 10 November 2026
- Presidency of Religious Affairs at the Two Holy Mosques, Sifat al-Umrah (1446 AH), pages 9 to 11 and 18, checked 10 November 2026
- Islam Question & Answer, no. 4635, When should airplane passengers enter ihram?, checked 10 November 2026
- Islam Question & Answer, no. 69934, Passing the miqat without ihram, checked 10 November 2026
- Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, Umrah pillars, checked 10 November 2026
- Sahih al-Bukhari, nos. 1542 and 1562, on Turath, checked 10 November 2026
- Presidency of Religious Affairs at the Two Holy Mosques, Sifat al-Umrah (1446 AH), pages 14 to 17, checked 10 November 2026
- Presidency of Religious Affairs at the Two Holy Mosques, Sifat al-Umrah (1446 AH), pages 19 and 20, checked 10 November 2026
- Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, questions and answers (the permit rule), checked 10 November 2026
- Sahih Muslim, no. 1218, on Turath, checked 10 November 2026
- Sahih al-Bukhari, no. 1622, on Turath, checked 10 November 2026
- Sunan Abi Dawud, no. 1892, on Turath, checked 10 November 2026
- Presidency of Religious Affairs at the Two Holy Mosques, Sifat al-Umrah (1446 AH), pages 20 and 21, checked 10 November 2026
- Presidency of Religious Affairs at the Two Holy Mosques, Sifat al-Umrah (1446 AH), page 21, checked 10 November 2026
- Sahih al-Bukhari, no. 1736, on Turath, checked 10 November 2026
- Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, questions and answers, checked 10 November 2026
- Islam Question & Answer, no. 25841, Umrah without a mahram, checked 10 November 2026
- Presidency of Religious Affairs at the Two Holy Mosques, Sifat al-Umrah (1446 AH), pages 11, 15, 18 and 21, checked 10 November 2026
- Sahih al-Bukhari, no. 1872, on Turath, checked 10 November 2026
- Presidency of Religious Affairs at the Two Holy Mosques, Sifat al-Umrah (1446 AH), pages 18 to 34, checked 10 November 2026
- Sahih al-Bukhari, no. 1562, on Turath, checked 10 November 2026
- Presidency of Religious Affairs at the Two Holy Mosques, Sifat al-Umrah (1446 AH), page 11, checked 10 November 2026
- Islam Question & Answer, no. 4635, checked 10 November 2026
- Presidency of Religious Affairs at the Two Holy Mosques, Sifat al-Umrah (1446 AH), page 9, checked 10 November 2026
- Islam Question & Answer, no. 69934, checked 10 November 2026
- Islam Question & Answer, no. 154979, checked 10 November 2026
What is not covered
Where a figure is not published anywhere we can cite, it is left out rather than guessed.
- Fares for the furthest months. Fares are shown for the months that were priced when checked. For later months the planner uses the route's average over the past year and draws the month as an outlined bar.
- Flights from Glasgow to Madinah. No fare range is published for this route. The planner leaves the line out of the total.
- Flying into one airport and home from the other. No source gives a fare for arriving in Jeddah and leaving from Madinah (or the reverse). The planner assumes a return ticket through one airport and adds the trip back to it.
- Whether hotel prices include tax. Google's hotel list does not say. The planner labels them as before-tax prices.
- Train fares including VAT and fees. The railway publishes base fares and states that VAT and fees are not included. The final price only appears during booking.
- Bus fares between Makkah, Madinah and Jeddah airport. Operators publish timetables but not fares; fares appear only inside their booking systems.
- Official taxi tariff from Jeddah airport. Madinah airport publishes a tariff. We found none to cite for Jeddah airport, so private car figures come from one travel company and are marked as unofficial.
- Food cost per day. No official or reliable published figure. Left for the visitor to enter.
- Children's prices. The railway publishes a child discount, but flights and visas for children are not modelled. Every traveller is priced as an adult.
- Health requirements for the current Hijri year. The Ministry of Health's Umrah document is the 1447 AH (2026) edition. No 1448 AH edition was posted when checked.
- An official source for flight fares. No airline or government publishes fares as open data. Google Flights and Kayak are companies, and are labelled as not official.
- Hotel prices in the Hajj weeks and beyond ten months. For May 2027, which covers the Hajj, and for the last two or three months of the year ahead, too few hotels had published prices. Those months are left empty rather than guessed.